Treating the Common Cold
In general, you do not need to see a medical provider for a common cold. Most cases get better without treatment, usually within 7 to 10 days. The best thing you can do is take care of yourself while your body heals. For example, drink plenty of liquids, use saline nasal rinses, and get adequate rest. Antibiotics do not work for cold viruses and shouldn’t be used unless there is a bacterial infection. Relieving your symptoms can include using over-the-counter (OTC) medications to reduce fever, body aches, congestion, cough, and sore throat.
Fever and Body Aches
- Drink lots of fluids. Water, juice, clear broth, or herbal teas are good choices. Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which can dehydrate you.
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 325 mg: take two tablets every 4 to 6 hours. Do not exceed 4,000 mg per day.
- Ibuprofen 200 mg: take two tablets every 6 to 8 hours. This medication should be taken with food. Do not exceed 2,400 mg per day.
- If possible, stay home from work or school if you have a fever, a bad cough, or are drowsy after taking medications. This will give you a chance to rest and heal, as well as reduce the chances that you’ll spread your cold to others.
Congestion
- Saline nasal sprays or rinses
- OTC decongestants: You can use decongestant drops or sprays for up to five days. Prolonged use can cause rebound symptoms.
- Combination decongestant/antihistamines: Many combination products contain acetaminophen. Follow package instructions and be careful not to exceed the recommended amount.
Cough
- Soup, herbal teas, lozenges
- Honey
- Over-the-counter cough suppressants—follow package directions
Sore Throat
- Acetaminophen or ibuprofen for relief of pain
- Herbal tea
- A saltwater gargle (1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon of table salt in 4 to 8 ounces of warm water) can help soothe a sore throat. Gargle the solution and then spit it out.
- You can also try ice chips, lozenges, or throat sprays.
Resources
- California Department of Public Health – Respiratory Viruses
- 24/7 Nurse Advice Line: (831) 459-2591